Atogr Sci 2013;51:258-65. 21. Chauhan SK, Singh AP Agarwal S. Development of HPTLC process for the estimation of , colchicine in diverse components of Gloriosa superba. Indian Drugs 1998;35:266-8. 22. Alali F Tawaha K, Qasaymeh RM. Determination of colchicine in Colchicum steveni and , C. hierosolymitanum (Colchicaceae): Comparison amongst two analytical procedures. Phytochem Anal 2004;15:27-9. 23. Bodoki E, Oprean R, Vlase L, Tamas M, Sandulescu R. Rapid determination of colchicine by TLC-densitometry from pharmaceuticals and vegetal extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005;37:971-7 . 24. Validation of Analytical Procedures; Text and Methodology Q2 (R1). Geneva: International Conference on Harmonization; 2005.Economic support and sponsorshipNil.Conflicts of interestThere are no conflicts of interest.
It is well-known that some antipsychotic drugs are threat aspects for venous thromboembolic (VTE) diseases like deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism [1]. This has been reported in a large main care population [5] and within a Taiwanese population [6]. Nevertheless, an association among antipsychotic drug use along with a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) has seldom been reported. We present out findings on two sufferers with CRVO-related macular edema with cotton wool spots (CWS). Each patients had been taking the antipsychotic drugs to get a long time.Case ReportsCase 1 A 62-year-old woman was referred to our clinic using a sudden reduction in vision in her proper eye in May well 2015. She had been diagnosed using a mental disorder 8 years earlier and was taking clonazepam, quetiapine fumarate, nitrazepam, and risperidone. Her BCVA was 20/2,000 in her proper eye and 20/20 in her left eye. Her intraocular stress was 15 mm Hg in her proper eye and ten mm Hg in her left eye. Slit-lamp examinations in the anterior segment of each eyes have been typical with no cataracts.Boc-NH-PEG2-C2-NH2 Formula Ophthalmoscopy showed a CRVO with extreme macular edema in her ideal eye.744253-37-0 structure The retinal veins had been tortuous and dilated and hemorrhages and smaller CWS because of the CRVO have been observed in her correct fundus (Fig.PMID:24377291 1a). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed extreme macular edema having a higher reflectivity on the inner retinal layer (Fig. 1b). Fluorescein angiography (FA) was performed to rule out ischemic CRVO and combined retinal artery occlusion. The arm-to-retina time was 15 s. FA didn’t detect any arterial obstruction or nonperfused locations (Fig. 1c). We encouraged intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for her macular edema but she refused and selected systemic kallidinogenase. She continued with her antipsychotic drugs. Two days immediately after beginning the kallidinogenase, the macular edema was drastically decreased however the number of the CWS was elevated. The edema was resolved 10 days later and her VA enhanced to 20/60. The CWS gradually disappeared and her VA enhanced to 20/20. Even so, the central retinal thickness was thin at 163 m inside the OCT photos obtained 1 year soon after the onset with the CRVO (Fig. 1d). There has been no recurrence to date. Case two A 43-year-old man presented using a sudden, painless reduction in vision in his right eye of 1 week’s duration. He had been taking sulpiride (DogmatylTM), duloxetine, and clonazepam for depression for 1 year. His BCVA was 20/50 in his correct eye and 20/20 in his left eye. The intraocular stress was 10 mm Hg in his proper eye and 13 mm Hg in his left eye. Anterior segment examinations had been typical in both eyes and fundus examinations showed a CRVO in his appropriate eye (Fig. 2a).
