HA) Overt nephropathy Impaired vision Smoking history In no way smoked Existing smoker Ex-smoker Alcohol ( 7 units/week) Clinical neuropathy Foot deformities Peripheral arterial disease Foot ulcer history Lower-limb amputation history Total population 15,692 eight,448/15,684 (53.9 ) 61.four six 14.0 five (2?0) 13,409/15,692 (85.5 ) 1,866/15,692 (11.9 ) 371/15,692 (two.4 ) 46/15,692 (0.two ) four,643/15,622 (29.7 ) 7,696/15,622 (49.three ) three,283/15,622 (21.0 ) 440/15,274 (two.9 ) 1,700/15,455 (11.0 ) six,568/15,632 (42.0 ) 3,581/15,632 (22.9 ) five,483/15,632 (35.1 ) 6,998/15,474 (45.two ) 3,333/15,659 (21.3 ) four,699/15,600 (30.1 ) 3,139/15,664 (20.0 ) 774/15,484 (5.0 ) 191/15,422 (1.2 ) Sort 1 diabetes 1,338/15,544 (8.six ) 750/1,338 (56.1 ) 37.six six 12.9 17 (ten?6) 1,283/1,338 (96.0 ) 42/1,338 (three.1 ) 11/1,338 (0.8 ) 2/1,338 (0.1 ) d d 1,337/1,337 (100.0 ) 58/1,308 (4.4 ) 108/1,319 (8.two ) 626/1,335 (46.8 ) 445/1,335 (33.3 ) 264/1,335 (19.7 ) 877/1,323 (66.three ) 217/1,337 (16.two ) 204/1,335 (15.three ) 139/1,337 (ten.4 ) 80/1,331 (six.0 ) 24/1,327 (1.8 ) Type 2 diabetes 14,206/15,544 (91.four ) 7,631/14,203 (53.three ) 63.6 six 11.eight 4 (two?0) 12,015/14,206 (84.six ) 1,791/14,206 (12.6 ) 357/14,206 (two.five ) 43/14,206 (0.three ) four,601/14,163 (32.5 ) 7,637/14,163 (53.9 ) 1,925/14,163 (13.six ) 379/13,841 (2.7 ) 1,574/14,006 (11.two ) 5,859/14,156 (41.four ) 3,111/14,156 (22.0 ) 5,186/14,156 (36.6 ) six,074/14,020 (43.3 ) three,077/14,183 (21.7 ) 4,444/14,126 (31.5 ) two,957/14,186 (20.8 ) 684/14,015 (four.9 ) 164/13,955 (1.2 ) P d 0.ten ,0.0001 ,0.,0.,0.0001 ,0.001 ,0.,0.0001 ,0.0001 ,0.0001 ,0.0001 ,0.0001 0.070 0.Data are mean 6 SD, n ( ), or median (25th?5th percentiles); P values for form 1 vs.Formula of N-Methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine type 2.2-Bromo-5-cyclopropylpyrimidine Chemscene (21.5 [3,039/14,144] vs. 13.4 [178/ 1,333], respectively, P , 0.0001). The danger of painful neuropathy symptoms in kind two diabetic patients was 83 higher than in kind 1 individuals (OR = 1.eight [95 CI 1.6?.1], P , 0.0001); this threat doubled right after adjusting for differences in age and diabetes duration (OR = 2.1 [1.7?two.4], P , 0.0001). When examining patients with moderate to extreme clinical neuropathy (i.e., NDS six) only, the ageand diabetes duration djusted threat of painful symptoms in kind two versus sort 1 diabetic patients was nevertheless significantly higher (OR = 1.8 [1.2?.5], P , 0.0001). Adjustment for form 2 versus sort 1 diabetes and variations in severity of neuropathy, insulin use, foot deformities, smoking status, and alcohol intake had no effect on these variations in painful symptoms (data not shown); i.e., these variables couldn’t account for the disparity in symptoms between variety 1 and form 2 diabetes. Age impact Increasing age was quite weakly linked with NSS severity in the entire population (r = 0.PMID:24605203 083, P , 0.0001); having said that, this partnership was stronger in kind(r = 0.20, P , 0.0001) than form two diabetes (r = 0.022, P = 0.008). Certainly, increasing age categories in variety 1 diabetic sufferers showed an nearly doubling in prevalence of painful symptoms (NSS five) (aged ,35 years, 17.2 ; 35?four years, 26.4 ; 55+ years, 33.1 ; P , 0.0001), having a comparable, but much less marked, association in sort 2 diabetic patients (aged ,35 years,30.6 ; 35?4 years, 32.7 ; 55+ years, 35.7 ; P , 0.01). Impact of diabetes therapy Insulin use versus oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and/or diet program had no impact on painful neuropathy symptoms, i.e., 33 (1,085/3,272) of patients applying insulin had NSS five compared with 34Figure 1dPercentage prevalence of neuropathic symptoms in 15,659 diabetic individuals characterized by their level of clinical neuropathy.c.