Secondaire chez le Pommier (Pirus malus L.) par des atmosph es tr appauvries en oxyg e. Comptes Rendus de l’Acad ie des Sciences, Paris, s ie D 266, 477?79. Corbineau F, Black M, C e D. 1993. Induction of thermodormancy in Avena sativa seeds. Seed Science Research 3, 111?17. Corbineau F, C e D. 1980. Quelques caract istiques de la dormance du caryopse d’Orge (Hordeum vulgare L., vari ?Sonja). Comptes Rendus de l’Acad ie des Sciences, Paris, s ie D 290, 547?50. Corbineau F, C e D. 1996. Barley seed dormancy. BIOS Boissons conditionnement 27, 113?19. Debeaujon I, Leon KK, Koornneef M. 2000. Influence of the testa on seed dormancy, germination, and longevity in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 122, 403?13. Debeaujon I, Lepiniec L, Pourcel L, Routaboul J. 2007. Seed coat improvement and dormancy. In: Bradford K, Nonogaki H, eds. Seed improvement, dormancy and germination . Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 25?9. Edwards MM. 1973. Seed dormancy and seed environment-internal oxygen relationships. In: Heydecker W, ed. Seed ecology . London: Butterworths, 169?88.Supplementary dataSupplementary information are offered at JXB on-line. Supplemental Table S1. Oligonucleotide sequences of primers used for RT-PCR experiments. Supplemental Table S2. Germination percentages at 15 at different O2 tensions. Supplemental Fig. S1. Relative transcript abundance from the P4H genes HvP4H1 and HvP4H2. Supplemental Fig. S2. Relative transcript abundance of HvGA2ox1, HvGA2ox5, HvGA20ox1, and HvGA20ox3.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Bruno Sotta (UR5 PCMP, UPMC, Paris) for his kind assistance in ABA measurements.
Molecular level information regarding the interaction of surfactants with surfaces is of wonderful interest for any selection of industrial and scientific regions.1? Especially sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is used in such varied fields as cleaning applications, lubrication, stabilization of emulsions, preparation of nano- and microparticles, as well as as model systems for*Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.: 206-543-8094. Current address: Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, GermanySong et al.Pagebiological membranes in protein investigation.6, 7 The formation of SDS layers also raises critical questions concerning the dynamics of molecular self-assembly on surfaces. Surfactant adsorption is complicated and entails a delicate, concentration dependent balance of forces in between charge interactions with the headgroups using the surface,eight intermolecular van der Waals interactions,3 electrostatic repulsion in between the headgroups,9 and interactions using the surrounding liquid phase.4-Fluoro-7-azaindole custom synthesis five On charged surfaces, SDS head groups with damaging charge bind in the interface and anchor the molecules to the surface.30094-32-7 In stock Upon completion of monolayer coverage, the surface charges are increasingly screened by surfactant headgroups.PMID:23439434 ten At greater concentrations usually about the vital micelle concentration (cmc) it has been recommended that a second ?inverted ?surfactant layer is formed by hydrophobic interactions with the tail groups in the initially and second layer.11 Research of surfactants at interfaces have already been accomplished using a quantity of strategies which includes neutron reflectivity,12, 13 spectroscopic ellipsometry,14, 15 optical reflectometry,16 quartz crystal microbalance,17 filter viscometry,two atomic force microscopy18, 19 and vibrational sum-frequency-generation (SFG) spectroscopy.5, eight, 9, 20?4 While most of these techniques can accurately ascertain the level of surfactant adsorbed in the interface, SFG spectroscop.
